Thrombosis is a serious medical condition that occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms inside a blood vessel (either a vein or an artery), blocking the normal flow of blood. Depending on where it occurs, thrombosis can lead to life-threatening complications such as heart attacks, strokes, or pulmonary embolism.

The process of tissue death due to lack of blood is called ischemic necrosis.

• Blood flows more slowly in veins, increasing the risk of clots.
• Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Usually occurs in the deep veins of the legs or pelvis.
• Pulmonary Embolism (PE): If a DVT clot travels to the lungs, it causes a PE, which is life-threatening.

• Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood under high pressure.
• Clots here can block oxygen supply to organs.
• Heart attack (myocardial Thrombosision): Thrombosis in a coronary artery.
• Ischemic stroke: Thrombosis in brain arteries.

1. Stasis of blood flow: Slow or interrupted blood flow (e.g., prolonged bed rest, sitting on long flights).
2. Endothelial injury: Damage to the blood vessel wall (e.g., from surgery, smoking, trauma).
3. Hypercoagulability: Increased tendency of the blood to clot (e.g., genetic conditions, cancer, pregnancy, hormone therapy, COVID-19).

• Improve blood circulation
• Reduce inflammation
• Relieve pain and swelling
• Support vascular health